N2 - Tracey and Chris in Japan

Grammar	Romaji	Meaning	Link
Grammar: あげく	Romaji: ageku	Meaning: to end up / in the end / finally / after all~	Read more
Grammar: あるいは	Romaji: aruiwa	Meaning: or / either / maybe / perhaps / possibly~	Read more
Grammar: ばかり	Romaji: bakari	Meaning: about, approximately~	Read more
Grammar: ばかりだ	Romaji: bakari da	Meaning: continue to (go in negative direction)	Read more
Grammar: ばかりか	Romaji: bakari ka	Meaning: not only.. but also / as well as~	Read more
Grammar: ばかりに	Romaji: bakari ni	Meaning: simply because / on account of~ (negative result)	Read more
Grammar: ちなみに	Romaji: chinamini	Meaning: by the way / in this connection / incidentally / (conjunction)	Read more
Grammar: ちっとも～ない	Romaji: chitto mo~nai	Meaning: (not) at all / (not) in the least~	Read more
Grammar: だけあって	Romaji: dake atte	Meaning: being the case / precisely because / as expected from~	Read more
Grammar: だけましだ	Romaji: dake mashi da	Meaning: it’s better than / one should feel grateful for~	Read more
Grammar: だけに	Romaji: dake ni	Meaning: being the case / precisely because / as one would expect	Read more
Grammar: だけのことはある	Romaji: dake no koto wa aru	Meaning: no wonder / as expected of / not ... for nothing / not ... with nothing to show for it	Read more
Grammar: だけは	Romaji: dake wa	Meaning: to do all that one can	Read more
Grammar: だって	Romaji: datte	Meaning: because / but / after all / even / too	Read more
Grammar: でしかない	Romaji: de shika nai	Meaning: merely / nothing but / no more than / there is only~	Read more
Grammar: どころではない	Romaji: dokoro dewa nai	Meaning: not the time for / not the place for / far from / anything but~	Read more
Grammar: どころか	Romaji: dokoro ka	Meaning: far from / anything but / let alone / not to mention / much less~	Read more
Grammar: どうやら	Romaji: dou yara	Meaning: possibly / apparently / seems like / somehow / barely~	Read more
Grammar: どうせ	Romaji: douse	Meaning: anyhow / in any case / at any rate / after all / no matter what	Read more
Grammar: 得ない（えない）	Romaji: enai	Meaning: unable to / cannot / it is not possible to~	Read more
Grammar: 得る（える / うる）	Romaji: eru / uru	Meaning: can / to be able to / is possible to~	Read more
Grammar: 再び（ふたたび）	Romaji: futatabi	Meaning: again / once more	Read more
Grammar: ふうに	Romaji: fuu ni	Meaning: this way / that way / in such a way / how	Read more
Grammar: がきっかけで /をきっかけに	Romaji: ga kikkake de/ o kikkake ni	Meaning: with… as a start / as a result of / taking advantage of~	Read more
Grammar: げ	Romaji: ge	Meaning: looks like / seems like / appears to~	Read more
Grammar: 逆に（ぎゃくに）	Romaji: gyaku ni	Meaning: conversely / on the contrary~	Read more
Grammar: 反面（はんめん）	Romaji: hanmen	Meaning: while / although / on the other hand~	Read more
Grammar: 果たして（はたして）	Romaji: hatashite	Meaning: as was expected / sure enough / really / actually~	Read more
Grammar: 一応（いちおう）	Romaji: ichiou	Meaning: more or less / pretty much / roughly / tentatively~	Read more
Grammar: 以外（いがい）	Romaji: igai	Meaning: with the exception of / excepting~	Read more
Grammar: 以上に（いじょうに）	Romaji: ijou ni	Meaning: more than / not less than / beyond~	Read more
Grammar: 以上は（いじょうは）	Romaji: ijou wa	Meaning: because / since / seeing that~	Read more
Grammar: いきなり	Romaji: ikinari	Meaning: abruptly / suddenly / all of a sudden / without warning	Read more
Grammar: 一気に（いっきに）	Romaji: ikki ni	Meaning: in one go / without stopping / all at once / immediately / instantly / right away~	Read more
Grammar: 一方で（いっぽうで）	Romaji: ippou de	Meaning: on one hand / on the other hand / although~	Read more
Grammar: いわゆる	Romaji: iwayuru	Meaning: what is called / as it is called / the so-called / so to speak	Read more
Grammar: いよいよ	Romaji: iyoiyo	Meaning: at last / finally / beyond doubt	Read more
Grammar: 上（じょう）	Romaji: jou	Meaning: for the sake of / from the standpoint of / as a matter of / in terms of~	Read more
Grammar: かのように	Romaji: ka no you ni	Meaning: as if / just like~	Read more
Grammar: かと思ったら（かとおもったら）	Romaji: ka to omottara	Meaning: just when / no sooner than~	Read more
Grammar: か～ないかのうちに	Romaji: ka~nai ka no uchi ni	Meaning: just as / right after / as soon as~	Read more
Grammar: かえって	Romaji: kaette	Meaning: on the contrary / rather / all the more / surprisingly~	Read more
Grammar: 限り（かぎり）	Romaji: kagiri	Meaning: as long as / while… is the case / as far as / while~	Read more
Grammar: 甲斐がある（かいがある）	Romaji: kai ga aru	Meaning: it’s worth one’s efforts to do something	Read more
Grammar: かねない	Romaji: kanenai	Meaning: (someone) might do something / something might happen	Read more
Grammar: かねる	Romaji: kaneru	Meaning: unable to do something / can’t do something	Read more
Grammar: から言うと（からいうと）	Romaji: kara iu to	Meaning: in terms of / from the point of view of~	Read more
Grammar: からこそ	Romaji: kara koso	Meaning: precisely because~	Read more
Grammar: から見ると（からみると）	Romaji: kara miru to	Meaning: from the point of view of / by the look of / judging from~	Read more
Grammar: からには	Romaji: kara niwa	Meaning: now that / since / so long as / because~	Read more
Grammar: からして	Romaji: kara shite	Meaning: judging from / based on / since / from / even~	Read more
Grammar: からすると / からすれば	Romaji: kara suru to / kara sureba	Meaning: judging from / considering / by the look of~	Read more
Grammar: からと言って（からといって）	Romaji: kara to itte	Meaning: just because / even if / even though~	Read more
Grammar: っこない	Romaji: kkonai	Meaning: no chance of / …is definitely not possible	Read more
Grammar: ことだ	Romaji: koto da	Meaning: should do~ (used for suggestions or giving advice)	Read more
Grammar: ことだから	Romaji: koto dakara	Meaning: because / since~	Read more
Grammar: ことか	Romaji: koto ka	Meaning: how…! / what…!	Read more
Grammar: ことなく	Romaji: koto naku	Meaning: without doing something even once	Read more
Grammar: ことに	Romaji: koto ni	Meaning: emphasize speaker's feelings / to my (surprise/etc)	Read more
Grammar: ことにはならない	Romaji: koto niwa naranai	Meaning: just because… doesn’t mean~	Read more
Grammar: くせして	Romaji: kuse shite	Meaning: although~ / despite the fact that~ / even though~	Read more
Grammar: まだしも	Romaji: madashimo	Meaning: rather / better~	Read more
Grammar: まい	Romaji: mai	Meaning: will not / will probably not / intend not to / must not~	Read more
Grammar: ままに	Romaji: mama ni	Meaning: as, to do as~	Read more
Grammar: 全く～ない（まったく～ない）	Romaji: mattaku~nai	Meaning: not at all~	Read more
Grammar: もかまわず	Romaji: mo kamawazu	Meaning: without caring / without worrying about~	Read more
Grammar: も当然だ（もとうぜんだ）	Romaji: mo touzen da	Meaning: it’s only natural / no wonder / might as well~	Read more
Grammar: もの / もん	Romaji: mono / mon	Meaning: because / indicates reason/ excuse/ dissatisfaction	Read more
Grammar: ものだ	Romaji: mono da	Meaning: describe feeling / express memories / state fact	Read more
Grammar: ものだから	Romaji: mono dakara	Meaning: so / therefore / the reason for something	Read more
Grammar: ものではない	Romaji: mono dewa nai	Meaning: shouldn’t do something / it’s impossible to~	Read more
Grammar: ものがある	Romaji: mono ga aru	Meaning: there is such a thing / to be the case that / feels like~	Read more
Grammar: ものか / もんか	Romaji: mono ka / mon ka	Meaning: as if (something untrue were actually true) / there's no way~	Read more
Grammar: ものなら	Romaji: mono nara	Meaning: if I/we could / if [A] is possible / then [B] / if one can do something / then~	Read more
Grammar: ものの	Romaji: monono	Meaning: but / although / even though~	Read more
Grammar: もっとも	Romaji: motto mo	Meaning: but then / although / though~	Read more
Grammar: もう少しで（もうすこしで）	Romaji: mou sukoshi de	Meaning: almost / nearly / close to~	Read more
Grammar: ないではいられない	Romaji: nai dewa irarenai	Meaning: can’t help but feel / can’t help but do~	Read more
Grammar: ないことには～ない	Romaji: nai koto niwa~nai	Meaning: unless you~	Read more
Grammar: 中を /中では（なかを /なかでは）	Romaji: naka o /naka dewa	Meaning: in / on / in the midst of / when / while~	Read more
Grammar: なくはない	Romaji: naku wa nai	Meaning: it’s not that / I may (double negative)	Read more
Grammar: なくて済む（なくてすむ）	Romaji: nakute sumu	Meaning: get by without doing~	Read more
Grammar: 何も～ない（なにも～ない）	Romaji: nani mo~nai	Meaning: nothing / (not) ~ at all / there’s no need to~	Read more
Grammar: なお	Romaji: nao	Meaning: still / yet / furthermore / in addition~	Read more
Grammar: ねばならない	Romaji: neba naranai	Meaning: have to do / must / should~	Read more
Grammar: にあたって	Romaji: ni atatte	Meaning: at the time / on the occasion of~	Read more
Grammar: にほかならない	Romaji: ni hoka naranai	Meaning: nothing but / none other than~	Read more
Grammar: に限らず（にかぎらず）	Romaji: ni kagirazu	Meaning: not just / not only.. but also~	Read more
Grammar: に限る（にかぎる）	Romaji: ni kagiru	Meaning: is best / nothing is better than~	Read more
Grammar: に限って（にかぎって）	Romaji: ni kagitte	Meaning: only / in particular~	Read more
Grammar: に関わらず（にかかわらず）	Romaji: ni kakawarazu	Meaning: in spite of / regardless of~	Read more
Grammar: に関わる（にかかわる）	Romaji: ni kakawaru	Meaning: to relate to / to have to do with / relating to~	Read more
Grammar: に決まっている（にきまっている）	Romaji: ni kimatte iru	Meaning: certainly / I’m sure/certain that / it must be the case that~	Read more
Grammar: に越したことはない（にこしたことはない）	Romaji: ni koshita koto wa nai	Meaning: it’s best that, there’s nothing better than~	Read more
Grammar: に応えて（にこたえて）	Romaji: ni kotaete	Meaning: in response to~	Read more
Grammar: に加えて（にくわえて）	Romaji: ni kuwaete	Meaning: in addition~	Read more
Grammar: に基づいて（にもとづいて）	Romaji: ni motozuite	Meaning: based on / on the basis of~	Read more
Grammar: に向かって（にむかって）	Romaji: ni mukatte	Meaning: to face / to go towards / to head to~	Read more
Grammar: に応じて（におうじて）	Romaji: ni oujite	Meaning: depending on / in accordance with~	Read more
Grammar: に際して（にさいして）	Romaji: ni saishite	Meaning: on the occasion of / at the time of~	Read more
Grammar: に先立ち（にさきだち）	Romaji: ni sakidachi	Meaning: before / prior to~	Read more
Grammar: にせよ/ にしろ	Romaji: ni seyo/ ni shiro	Meaning: even if / regardless / whether... or	Read more
Grammar: にしろ～にしろ	Romaji: ni shiro~ni shiro	Meaning: whether… or~	Read more
Grammar: にしたら / にすれば	Romaji: ni shitara / ni sureba	Meaning: from one’s perspective / from the point of view of~	Read more
Grammar: にしても～にしても	Romaji: ni shitemo~ni shitemo	Meaning: regardless of whether~	Read more
Grammar: に沿って（にそって）	Romaji: ni sotte	Meaning: along with / in accordance with	Read more
Grammar: に相違ない（にそういない）	Romaji: ni soui nai	Meaning: without a doubt / certain / sure	Read more
Grammar: に過ぎない（にすぎない）	Romaji: ni suginai	Meaning: no more than / just / merely / only~	Read more
Grammar: に伴って（にともなって）	Romaji: ni tomonatte	Meaning: as / due to / with / along with / following / accordingly~	Read more
Grammar: につけ	Romaji: ni tsuke	Meaning: every time / whenever / as / whether / in (either case)	Read more
Grammar: につき	Romaji: ni tsuki	Meaning: due to / because of / per / each	Read more
Grammar: にわたって	Romaji: ni watatte	Meaning: throughout / over a period of~	Read more
Grammar: にも関わらず（にもかかわらず）	Romaji: nimo kakawarazu	Meaning: despite / in spite of / nevertheless / although~	Read more
Grammar: にて	Romaji: nite	Meaning: in, at, with, by (formal particle)	Read more
Grammar: のももっともだ	Romaji: no mo motto mo da	Meaning: no wonder / …is only natural	Read more
Grammar: の下で（のもとで）	Romaji: no moto de	Meaning: under / with~	Read more
Grammar: の上では（のうえでは）	Romaji: no ue de wa	Meaning: according to / from the viewpoint of~	Read more
Grammar: のみならず	Romaji: nominarazu	Meaning: not only / besides / as well as~	Read more
Grammar: ぬ	Romaji: nu	Meaning: negative verb conjugation / traditional version of ない	Read more
Grammar: 抜きにして / 抜きで（ぬきにして/ ぬきで）	Romaji: nuki ni shite / nuki de	Meaning: without / leaving out / cutting out~	Read more
Grammar: 抜く（ぬく）	Romaji: nuku	Meaning: to do something from beginning to end / completely / extremely~	Read more
Grammar: を契機に（をけいきに）	Romaji: o keiki ni	Meaning: as a good opportunity/chance to / as a result of / make the best of~	Read more
Grammar: をめぐって	Romaji: o megutte	Meaning: concerning / in regard to~	Read more
Grammar: をもとに	Romaji: o moto ni	Meaning: based on / derived from / building on / beginning with~	Read more
Grammar: を除いて（をのぞいて）	Romaji: o nozoite	Meaning: except / with the exception of / excluding~	Read more
Grammar: を問わず（をとわず）	Romaji: o towazu	Meaning: regardless of / irrespective of / no matter	Read more
Grammar: お～願う（お～ねがう）	Romaji: o~negau	Meaning: please do / could you please… / I ask of you to~	Read more
Grammar: おまけに	Romaji: omake ni	Meaning: to make matters worse / besides / what's more / in addition / on top of that	Read more
Grammar: 恐らく（おそらく）	Romaji: osoraku	Meaning: perhaps / likely / probably / I dare say~	Read more
Grammar: 恐れがある（おそれがある）	Romaji: osore ga aru	Meaning: it is feared that / to be in danger of / to be liable to~	Read more
Grammar: 及び（および）	Romaji: oyobi	Meaning: and / as well as~	Read more
Grammar: ろくに～ない	Romaji: roku ni~nai	Meaning: not well / not enough / improperly / insufficiently / unsatisfactorily~	Read more
Grammar: 幸いなことに（さいわいなことに）	Romaji: saiwai na koto ni	Meaning: fortunately / luckily / thankfully~	Read more
Grammar: せいか	Romaji: sei ka	Meaning: perhaps because~	Read more
Grammar: せっかく	Romaji: sekkaku	Meaning: especially / (thank you for) troubling to / going to great pains for~	Read more
Grammar: せめて	Romaji: semete	Meaning: at least / at most~	Read more
Grammar: 次第（しだい）	Romaji: shidai	Meaning: as soon as, dependent upon	Read more
Grammar: 次第で（しだいで）	Romaji: shidai de	Meaning: depending on / so~	Read more
Grammar: 次第に（しだいに）	Romaji: shidai ni	Meaning: gradually (progress into a state) / in sequence / in order	Read more
Grammar: しかも	Romaji: shikamo	Meaning: moreover / furthermore / and yet / what’s more~	Read more
Grammar: その上（そのうえ）	Romaji: sono ue	Meaning: besides / in addition / furthermore~	Read more
Grammar: それなのに	Romaji: sore na noni	Meaning: and yet / despite this / but even so~	Read more
Grammar: それなら	Romaji: sore nara	Meaning: if that’s the case / if so~	Read more
Grammar: それにしても	Romaji: sore ni shitemo	Meaning: nevertheless / at any rate / even so / be that as it may~	Read more
Grammar: そう言えば（そういえば）	Romaji: sou ieba	Meaning: come to think of it… / now that you mention it…	Read more
Grammar: そうすると	Romaji: sou suru to	Meaning: having done that / if that is done / if it is done in that way	Read more
Grammar: 末に（すえに）	Romaji: sue ni	Meaning: finally / after / following / at the end/ conclusion of~	Read more
Grammar: 少しも～ない（すこしも～ない）	Romaji: sukoshi mo~nai	Meaning: not one bit / not even a little~	Read more
Grammar: 少なくとも（すくなくとも）	Romaji: sukunaku tomo	Meaning: at least~	Read more
Grammar: 直ちに（ただちに）	Romaji: tadachi ni	Meaning: at once / immediately / directly / in person / automatically~	Read more
Grammar: たまえ	Romaji: tamae	Meaning: do~ / order somebody to do something	Read more
Grammar: てばかりはいられない	Romaji: te bakari wa irarenai	Meaning: can’t keep doing~	Read more
Grammar: てでも	Romaji: te demo	Meaning: even if I have to / by all means~	Read more
Grammar: て以来（ていらい）	Romaji: te irai	Meaning: since / henceforth~	Read more
Grammar: ていては	Romaji: te ite wa	Meaning: if one keeps doing~	Read more
Grammar: てこそ	Romaji: te koso	Meaning: now that / since (something happened)	Read more
Grammar: てまで	Romaji: te made	Meaning: even / will go far so as to~	Read more
Grammar: てならない	Romaji: te naranai	Meaning: can't help but / dying to / extremely~	Read more
Grammar: てたまらない	Romaji: te tamaranai	Meaning: can't help but / dying to / extremely~	Read more
Grammar: て当然だ（てとうぜんだ）	Romaji: te touzen da	Meaning: natural / as a matter of course	Read more
Grammar: ては / では	Romaji: tewa / dewa	Meaning: whenever / if / when~ / repetitive action	Read more
Grammar: てはいられない	Romaji: tewa irarenai	Meaning: can’t afford to / unable to~	Read more
Grammar: てはならない	Romaji: tewa naranai	Meaning: must not / cannot / should not~	Read more
Grammar: ては～ては	Romaji: tewa~tewa	Meaning: repetitive situations/actions	Read more
Grammar: と同時に（とどうじに）	Romaji: to douji ni	Meaning: at the same time as / while / simultaneously~	Read more
Grammar: といった	Romaji: to itta	Meaning: like / such as~	Read more
Grammar: というふうに	Romaji: to iu fuu ni	Meaning: in such a way that~	Read more
Grammar: ということは	Romaji: to iu koto wa	Meaning: that is to say / so that means / in other words~	Read more
Grammar: というものだ	Romaji: to iu mono da	Meaning: something like / something called~	Read more
Grammar: というものではない	Romaji: to iu mono dewa nai	Meaning: there is no guarantee that… / not necessarily~	Read more
Grammar: と考えられる（とかんがえられる）	Romaji: to kangaerareru	Meaning: one can think that / it is conceivable that / considered~	Read more
Grammar: とか（で）	Romaji: toka (de)	Meaning: I heard that~	Read more
Grammar: とっくに	Romaji: tokku ni	Meaning: long ago / already / a long time ago	Read more
Grammar: ところだった	Romaji: tokoro datta	Meaning: was just about to do something / something almost happened	Read more
Grammar: ところに	Romaji: tokoro ni	Meaning: at the time / just as I was~	Read more
Grammar: ところを見ると（ところをみると）	Romaji: tokoro o miru to	Meaning: judging from / seeing that~	Read more
Grammar: とも	Romaji: tomo	Meaning: even if / no matter (who / what / when / where / why / how) / though~	Read more
Grammar: としても	Romaji: toshitemo	Meaning: assuming / even if~	Read more
Grammar: つつ	Romaji: tsutsu	Meaning: while / even though / despite~	Read more
Grammar: つつある	Romaji: tsutsu aru	Meaning: to be doing / to be in the process of doing~	Read more
Grammar: 上は（うえは）	Romaji: ue wa	Meaning: now that / since / as long as~	Read more
Grammar: はもとより	Romaji: wa moto yori	Meaning: also / let alone / from the beginning	Read more
Grammar: はともかく	Romaji: wa tomokaku	Meaning: anyhow / anyway / regardless / in any case / whether or not~	Read more
Grammar: わずかに	Romaji: wazuka ni	Meaning: slightly / only / barely / narrowly~	Read more
Grammar: やがて	Romaji: yagate	Meaning: before long / soon / almost / eventually~	Read more
Grammar: やら～やら	Romaji: yara~yara	Meaning: such things as A and B / A and B and so on~	Read more
Grammar: よほど / よっぽど	Romaji: yohodo / yoppodo	Meaning: very / greatly / much / to a large extent	Read more
Grammar: より [2]	Romaji: yori	Meaning: from~ (a time, place, or person)	Read more
Grammar: よりほかない	Romaji: yori hoka nai	Meaning: to have no choice but~	Read more
Grammar: ようでは	Romaji: you dewa	Meaning: if~ (bad result)	Read more
Grammar: ようではないか	Romaji: you dewa nai ka	Meaning: let’s do (something) / why don’t we~	Read more
Grammar: ようか～まいか	Romaji: you ka~mai ka	Meaning: whether or not / considering options	Read more
Grammar: 要するに（ようするに）	Romaji: you suru ni	Meaning: in short / in a word / to sum up / to put it simply~	Read more
Grammar: ざるを得ない（ざるをえない）	Romaji: zaru o enai	Meaning: cannot help (doing) / have no choice but to~	Read more
Grammar: ずに済む（ずにすむ）	Romaji: zu ni sumu	Meaning: get by without doing~	Read more

Grammar: あげく

Romaji: ageku

Meaning: to end up / in the end / finally / after all~

Grammar: あるいは

Romaji: aruiwa

Meaning: or / either / maybe / perhaps / possibly~

Grammar: ばかり

Romaji: bakari

Meaning: about, approximately~